ECOWAS faces a critical decision: Operationalization of it's Standby Force. In response to the urgent call to action issued by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to combat terrorism in the region, it is imperative to devise effective strategies for financing and equipping the counter-terrorism force. The recent communique emphasized the pressing need to operationalize the Standby Force in its kinetic mode, incorporating elements from the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) and the Accra Initiative.
Omar Touray, president of the 15-nation Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Commission, said the military chiefs of member states had proposed two options:
- A 5,000-strong brigade at an annual cost of $2.3 billion.
Or
- Deployment of troops on demand at an annual cost of $360 million.
Both options, regardless of which is chosen, require concrete plans for financing and equipping this critical force. As the finance and defense ministers from ECOWAS member states gear up for their upcoming meeting on this very issue, let's delve into potential tools for making this force a reality.
Financing Mechanisms
1. Establishing a Regional Counter-Terrorism Fund:
Building a collective fund through contributions from ECOWAS members and partners.One pragmatic approach is to establish a dedicated fund specifically earmarked for counter-terrorism efforts within the ECOWAS region. This fund could be financed through contributions from member states, international partners, and other relevant stakeholders. Contributions could be based on a proportional scale, taking into account each country's economic capacity and security interests. A more flexible and fair formula could encourage more ownership and commitment from member states, as well as reduce the dependence on external donors. Additionally, innovative financing mechanisms such as leveraging public-private partnerships will bolster the fund's resources.
2.Leverage import levy
Utilizing existing import levies to support the counter-terrorism force.ECOWAS already imposes a 0.5% import levy on non-member states, funding its activities. A portion of these resources could be allocated to the Standby Force, or a dedicated sub-fund within the levy could be established specifically for counter-terrorism purposes.This approach offers a sustainable and predictable funding stream while enhancing accountability and transparency.
Ironically in 2022 member States like Burkina Faso and Guinea were up to date with their dues despite the fact that these countries are experiencing a military-political crisis that is disrupting their economies.
To maximize revenue collection, ECOWAS member states need to improve their efforts in mobilizing the 0.5% import levy. In 2022, only 30% of the projected amount was collected, highlighting the need for enhanced collection efficiency.
3. Exploring a Targeted ECOWAS Export Levy:
Exploring a strategic export levy on specific goods to generate additional revenue.Introducing a temporary export levy on specific goods with high export volume, such as cashew nuts or cocoa beans, could generate additional revenue. Revenue generated can be directed towards financing the counter-terrorism force while considering potential long-term implications and exit strategies for the levy. Careful consideration is needed to minimize the impact on regional trade and competitiveness. This approach requires thorough economic analysis and consensus among member states.
4. Investing in Revenue-Generating Assets:
Investing in sustainable assets like renewable energy to generate long-term funding.ECOWAS could explore strategic investments in assets that generate high yield sustainable revenue streams, potentially within or outside the region. Examples could include infrastructure projects like toll roads, renewable energy plants,tech startups and joint ventures in refining and exporting natural resources with fair benefit-sharing mechanisms. Revenue generated can contribute to financing the counter-terrorism force while promoting regional development and economic diversification.
Equipping the Force
Equipping the ECOWAS force with advanced technology and training.1. Standardization
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2. Technological Integration:
Equipping the force with drones and advanced surveillance systems.Equip the force with cutting-edge technologies like drones, advanced surveillance systems, and secure communication tools. Collaboration with tech companies to facilitate acquisition and leveraging of partnerships with experienced nations for knowledge transfer cannot be overemphasised. This empowers the force with enhanced situational awareness, improved intelligence gathering, and increased operational efficiency.
3. Continuous Learning and Upskilling:
Investing in continuous training for the counter-terrorism force.Invest in specialized training: Equip the force with the knowledge and skills needed to effectively combat terrorism. Develop and deliver specialized training programs in counter-terrorism tactics, intelligence gathering, and human rights compliance. Establish regional training centers and collaborate with international partners to share best practices and expertise. This fosters a highly skilled and adaptable force capable of addressing evolving threats while upholding ethical standards.
Echoes From The Past
Senegalese soldiers with ECOMOG, stand guard in the village of Lomo Nord in central Ivory Coast, February 14, 2003 [Issouf Sanogo/AFP]ECOWAS boast a history of deploying regional military forces. In 1990, the bloc formed the 3,000-strong ECOMOG force, comprised initially of troops from Nigeria, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, and Sierra Leone, with additional contributions from Mali. This force successfully intervened in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau, restoring peace in these countries, setting a precedent for future ECOWAS involvement in regional conflicts.
Implementing these modalities requires strong political will and collaborative efforts from ECOWAS member states, international partners, the private sector and individuals alike. A well-equipped and adequately financed counter-terrorism force will be a crucial step towards a more secure and stable West Africa, paving the way for regional development and prosperity.
To global peace 🌎 🕊️
- Abraham Ikongshul
Beyond Cost: The Broader Considerations
ReplyDeleteThe stark financial realities of a 5,000-strong brigade versus an on-demand force present a critical first hurdle. But beyond the bottom line, what other factors should ECOWAS prioritize when making this decision?
Addressing Root Causes: While a strong counter-terrorism force is essential, can ECOWAS effectively address the underlying social, economic, and political grievances that fuel extremism in the region?
Beyond Military Solutions:How can ECOWAS leverage regional intelligence gathering, foster cooperation on border security, and promote interfaith dialogue to combat terrorism comprehensively?
Sustainable Funding: Can ECOWAS create a system that fosters long-term financial stability and reduces dependence on external actors?
Building Public Trust: A well-equipped force is crucial, but how can ECOWAS ensure transparency, accountability, and respect for human rights in its operations to maintain public trust and regional legitimacy?
By grappling with these deeper questions, ECOWAS nations can move beyond a purely cost-driven approach and chart a course for a more secure and stable West Africa. The future hinges not just on military might, but on a comprehensive strategy that addresses the root causes of terrorism, fosters regional cooperation, and earns the trust of its citizens.